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Post-Quantum Cryptography

From awareness to implementation

PQC Foundations

Understand the difference between key establishment, encryption, and signatures before choosing a migration approach.

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Cryptographic Inventory & Discovery

Build an actionable record of cryptographic dependencies, with owners, evidence, and migration decisions.

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Migration & Crypto-Agility

Organize PQC as a staged engineering program with testable outcomes, supported dependencies, and a recovery plan.

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PQC for TLS & PKI

Modernize transport key establishment and certificate authentication as related but separate workstreams.

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Prepare for quantum-resistant security by identifying vulnerable cryptography, prioritizing long-lived information, and testing supported implementations.

Post-quantum cryptography illustrated with Quantum threat, Long-lived data, Quantum resistance, Migration
Post-quantum cryptography — an illustrated overview of the topics on this page.

Content reviewed: October 25, 2026

What is at risk

A sufficiently capable fault-tolerant quantum computer could defeat widely used RSA and elliptic-curve public-key schemes. This is a reason to prepare, not a reliable prediction of a particular “Q-day.” Quantum computers do not make every classical security control obsolete.

Captured encrypted traffic can matter when confidentiality must outlast the time required to migrate. Digital signatures create a different concern: future forgery could affect software, certificates, and records that must remain trustworthy.

From standards to engineering

The first finalized NIST PQC standards cover a key encapsulation mechanism and digital signatures. Implementing them requires protocol support, maintained libraries, interoperability testing, and operational ownership. PQC runs on conventional computing infrastructure; it is different from quantum key distribution.

Post-Quantum Cryptography topic map: What is at risk, From standards to engineering, Where to start, Sources & further reading
Post-Quantum Cryptography — topic overview

Where to start

  • Identify data that must remain confidential for many years.
  • Find public-key dependencies in TLS, VPNs, PKI, code signing, identity, and appliances.
  • Ask suppliers for supported migration paths and evidence of interoperability.
  • Pilot in a representative environment and record the actual negotiated algorithms.
  • Track vulnerable dependencies retired, not simply products marketed as quantum-safe.

Sources & further reading

Practical architecture guides

PQC for Code Signing & Updates — Plan for long-lived software authenticity as well as transport confidentiality. Signing keys, trust anchors, update formats, and verification code all belong in the migration scope.